Alfred Adler and Erik Erikson's Personality Theory

Abstract

This study highlights the personality theories proposed by Alfred Adler and Erik Erikson and relates them to an Islamic perspective. This research starts from the assumption that human personality is formed through the interaction of internal and external factors. Adler emphasized the role of feelings of inferiority, the drive for excellence, social awareness, lifestyle, and individual creativity as key components in personality development. Erikson, on the other hand, formulated a theory of psychosocial development encompassing eight stages of life, each of which requires the resolution of specific psychological conflicts for healthy individual growth. The analysis reveals a common ground between the two theories, namely the view that humans are active beings who constantly strive to find meaning in life and achieve self-balance. From an Islamic perspective, Adler's and Erikson's ideas align with the concepts of fitrah (natural disposition), moral responsibility, and the purpose of life, which emphasizes a balanced relationship with God, oneself, and society.